Optimization of Rainfed Maize Sowing Through Productivity Simulation in Moatize,Mozambique

Abstract

Maize is an essential crop for food security in Mozambique, especially in rainfed agricultural systems. However, its productivity is highly influenced by water availability and management practices, such as the choice of sowing date. This study aimed to evaluate the attainable maize yield based on sowing dates, under rainfed conditions and with supplemental irrigation in the district of Moatize. For this purpose, yields were simulated for six different sowing dates using local climatic data, soil water storage capacity, and different water regimes (rainfed and supplemental irrigation when the soil reached 50% of field capacity). The maximum rainfed yield was achieved with sowing on November 1st (5775 kg/ha), coinciding with the consistent onset of the rainy season, while very early or late sowings showed lower yields due to water stress or a shortened crop cycle. With supplemental irrigation, significant increases in yield were observed, confirming irrigation as an effective strategy to mitigate climatic variability. It is concluded that the sowing date is a determining factor for crop success, and it is recommended to prioritize sowing on November 1st and to invest in water management practices, such as supplemental irrigation, to increase productivity and reduce the risks associated with maize production in Moatize.